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Human settlement in England

Finedon
Finedon Water Tower.jpg
Finedon Water Tower, now a private residence

Finedon is located in Northamptonshire

Finedon

Finedon

Location inside Northamptonshire
Area xiv.82 km2 (5.72 sq mi)
Population 4,309 (2011 demography)
• Density 291/kmtwo (750/sq mi)
Bone grid reference SP9171
District
  • North Northamptonshire
Shire county
  • Northamptonshire
Region
  • East Midlands
Country England
Sovereign state United kingdom
Post town Wellingborough
Postcode district NN9
Dialling lawmaking 01933
Police Northamptonshire
Burn Northamptonshire
Ambulance East Midlands
UK Parliament
  • Wellingborough
List of places
U.k.
England
Northamptonshire
52°twenty′24″N 0°38′56″W  /  52.340°N 0.649°West  / 52.340; -0.649 Coordinates: 52°20′24″N 0°38′56″West  /  52.340°N 0.649°West  / 52.340; -0.649

Finedon is a town[1] in North Northamptonshire, England, with a population at the 2011 census of four,309 people.[two] In 1086 when the Domesday Book was completed, Finedon (then known as Tingdene) was a large regal estate, previously held past Queen Edith, wife of Edward the Confessor. From the 1860s the parish was much excavated for its atomic number 26 ore, which lay underneath a layer of limestone and was quarried over the grade of 100 years or more. Local furnaces produced pig iron and later the quarries supplied ore for the steel works at Corby. A disused quarry face in the south of the parish is a geological SSSI.

Finedon is situated 4 miles (6.four km) to the northward eastward of Wellingborough.[3] Nearby towns and villages include Irthlingborough, Burton Latimer and Great Harrowden.

History [edit]

Domesday Book [edit]

In 1086 when the Domesday Book was completed, Finedon was a big royal manor, previously held by Queen Edith. At this time the village (now a town) was known equally Tingdene, which originates from the Old English words þing meaning assembly or coming together and Denu pregnant valley or vale.[4] Tingdene and the later version, Thingdon, were used until the early nineteenth century until finally Finedon became the unremarkably accustomed version, both in written format as well as in pronunciation.[5]

At the time of the Domesday Volume Finedon was one of only four towns listed with a population greater than fifty in Northamptonshire - the others being Northampton, Brackley and Rushton.[ citation needed ]

The Bell Inn also claims to be listed in the Domesday Volume, merely the current edifice does not date back to this catamenia, and there is testify that the original inn was situated several hundred metres away. Even so, the chief building was built around 1598, with the current façade added in 1872.[ citation needed ]

St Mary's Church [edit]

The Church of St Mary the Virgin

The Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin, is a mid-14th-century church with an aisled nave of four bays. The current parish priest is the Reverend Richard Coles, a broadcaster and former fellow member of popular grouping The Communards.

The belfry houses a ring of 8 bells in the fundamental of D, with the tenor weighing merely over 21 hundredweight (most ane.1 tonnes).[6] The church as well houses an organ which was probably originally built for St George'southward Chapel in Windsor Castle in 1704.[7] It was installed in 1717, rebuilt in 1872, and restored in 1960 and again in 2014,[8] and information technology retains its tracker activeness.

Finedon Hall [edit]

Finedon Hall is a Grade II listed 17th- or 18th-century country house with later modifications. It is built in the Tudor style to an H-shaped floor program in two storeys with attics. It is constructed in ironstone ashlar with limestone dressings and a slate roof.[9]

The house has now been converted into apartments.

Finedon Obelisk [edit]

The Finedon Obelisk is a monument erected in 1789 to record the blessings of the year by Sir John English Dolben, the fourth and last of the Dolben baronets and lord of the estate of Finedon. The blessings are thought to include the return to sanity of George Iii. The 23 April 1789 was appointed a day of thanksgiving to commemorate the result, which in Finedon was historic with bell ringing, fireworks and the firing of cannon.

The obelisk is located in a small enclosure next to the A6 and A510 roundabout.

Volta Tower [edit]

Finedon was formerly abode to the Volta Tower, a folly built in 1865 by William Harcourt Isham Mackworth-Dolben of Finedon Hall. It was built to commemorate the death of his eldest son, Lieutenant Commander William Digby Dolben, who drowned off the westward coast of Africa on i September 1863, aged 24. The building stood for 86 years before collapsing in 1951, killing one of its residents.

Water Tower [edit]

The Water Tower was completed in 1904, originally costing £1500 to build, with the whole scheme of public water provision for Finedon costing £13,000. The belfry is octagonal in shape and is divided into five interior stages. The exterior of the building is a carmine, xanthous and blue polychrome brick design with a pb and plain-tile roof.

The Water Tower has since been converted into a private residence and in 1973, gained Grade Two listed status.[x] It stands equally a local landmark beside the A6 on the southern archway into Finedon.

Governance [edit]

At the introduction of modern Local Government past the Local Government Act 1894, Finedon was designated an Urban District, with an Urban District Council. In 1935 the Finedon Urban District was abolished, and Finedon became part of the Wellingborough Urban District. In 1983, Finedon Parish Council was established, to provide better local representation and influence in decision-making. it currently has thirteen members.[11] In 2018, the parish adopted the name Finedon Town Council. [one]

The town is at present under the jurisdiction of North Northamptonshire Unitary Authority following the county wide restructuring of local government in 2021; prior to this, it was within the Borough of Wellingborough. The town is represented in the House of Eatables every bit part of the Wellingborough Parliamentary constituency.

Geography [edit]

An tiptop map of the Parish of Finedon.

The boondocks of Finedon rises to approximately 90 metres Above Ordinance Datum from the River Ise, with the historical middle of the settlement occupying a shallow south-west facing valley. The contemporary indicate of maximum elevation in the parish is the summit of the disused Sidegate Lane Landfill Site, located south of the town at approximately 108 metres Higher up Ordinance Datum. The parish covers a total area of 1,482 hectares (three,662 acres).

Boondocks Brook [edit]

The Town Brook flowing through woodland south-west of Finedon

Finedon's origins are likely related to the availability of water from the "Town Brook" which historically flowed through the central centrality of the settlement. It is now entirely culverted from its jump fed source due north-east of Finedon all the way through the town, eventually surfacing in the grounds of Finedon Hall. From hither, it flows through The Grove and arable farmland to meet the River Ise most the Cally Banks.

The Town Brook was dammed in the 1780s by instruction from Sir William Dolben to create a lake in the parkland associated with Finedon Hall. The lake had an island, which was accessed via a modest rowing boat for picnics.[12] The lake was drained in 1880 later a typhoid outbreak in the town and the remains of the globe dam and spillway can still be plant in The Grove.

Until the mid-19th century, Dolben Square alongside Affleck Bridge likewise independent a substantial pond fed past the Boondocks Brook chosen "The Ware", the name derived from "wayour", a swimming for washing horses.[xiii]

Banks Park [edit]

Finedon'south chief park, complete with outdoor lawn tennis courts and an open place popular among domestic dog walkers and cyclists. There is likewise a play surface area for children consisting of swings, climbing frame, roundabout, assault course and more. Banks Park sits between Burton Road, High Street and Wellingborough Road, Finedon and tin can be accessed from both Loftier Street and Wellingborough Road.

Pocket Park [edit]

Onetime coppiced lime trees at Finedon Pocket Park

From 1939 until 1946 ironstone was extracted from the quarry at Finedon and transported via a railway line to the primary line at Wellingborough.

Rather than filling in the railway cutting and quarry and returning it to agricultural land, the people of Finedon campaigned to retain information technology every bit an important wildlife area. In 1984, it was designated the commencement Pocket Park in the state.[14] The heritage of the park as a quarry led to it earning its local name "The Pits".

The quarry area is predominantly grassland and scrub with ponds supporting a diverse range of amphibians. The majority of the railway cut is woodland containing mainly ash, sycamore and oak. The park is owned by the Borough Council of Wellingborough and is managed by a squad of volunteers from the Finedon branch of the Northamptonshire Wildlife Trust to maximise its benefit for the flora and beast. Scrub in the quarry is cut dorsum to maintain the grassland, whilst large trees and other patches of scrub are left to provide feeding and nesting sites for birds. The ponds are likewise managed to ensure they do not get completely overhung by trees.

Old coppiced lime trees estimated to be over three hundred years as well as yews of considerable age are to be establish alongside the labyrinth of trails that cross the site.

Admission to the park can be plant via Station Route and Avenue Road, next to the Finedon Dolben Cricket Club.

To the due south western side of Finedon Pocket Park is another nature reserve, Finedon Cally Banks,[15] owned and managed by the Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire. The name Cally Banks comes from the process of burning atomic number 26 ore to remove impurities, leaving a deposit called calcine which provides the poor soil conditions in which wildflowers flourish.

Climate [edit]

Finedon, much like the rest of the British Isles, experiences an oceanic climate and as such does not suffer extreme temperatures and benefits from adequately evenly spread rainfall throughout the year.

Climate information for Finedon, GBR
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep October Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 7
(45) 		8
(46) 		10
(50) 		thirteen
(55) 		16
(61) 		19
(66) 		22
(72) 		22
(72) 		nineteen
(66) 		14
(57) 		ten
(50) 		7
(45) 		14
(57)
Boilerplate low °C (°F) ii
(36) 		two
(36) 		3
(37) 		4
(39) 		7
(45) 		10
(fifty) 		12
(54) 		12
(54) 		10
(50) 		7
(45) 		four
(39) 		2
(36) 		half-dozen
(43)
Average precipitation cm (inches) 4.3
(1.vii) 		iii.4
(1.3) 		three.1
(1.2) 		3.nine
(1.v) 		4.0
(1.6) 		four.8
(ane.9) 		five.0
(2.0) 		5.0
(two.0) 		5.i
(2.0) 		half dozen.two
(ii.four) 		4.8
(ane.ix) 		4.vii
(1.9) 		54.3
(21.4)
Source: [16]

Education [edit]

Finedon is served by 2 primary schools, the Finedon Infant School for children anile 4 to 7, and the Finedon Mulso Church of England Junior school for ages 7 to 11. The two schools became federated in 2011 and are now operated as ane school with one headteacher. Supervisory childcare is bachelor both earlier and after conventional schoolhouse hours by the Apple tree Tree Club, located next to the Babe School.[17]

There is no secondary schoolhouse in Finedon, and so pupils are required to travel exterior of the town to continue their instruction afterward leaving the Junior school. Huxlow Science College in Irthlingborough accommodates the big majority of these pupils, with the provision of a free motorbus pass. Information technology is not uncommon however for some to nourish Latimer Arts College in Barton Seagrave or Bishop Stopford Schoolhouse in Kettering.

Pre-school and early years' education for ages ii and up is catered for by St Michael'south playgroup, rated "Good" past Ofsted in July 2014.[18]

Finedon Ironstone [edit]

The night brown ironstone that underlies the parish is ane of Northamptonshire's more than durable edifice stones, unlike much of the ironstone elsewhere in the canton which can become crumbly or delaminate.[nineteen] The 14th-century church is congenital mainly from this stone, which is presumed to have been quarried locally (with paler coloured limestone of Weldon Rock around the windows and door.) Other older buildings in the town also use the local ironstone, notably the vicarage and a house opposite the church building congenital in 1712 equally a charity school for girls.[xix] The various works of the Dolben family unit also make use of the ironstone. Chemical changes inside the stone, while it was all the same in the ground, have resulted in a hard crystalline mineral version of Limonite which bonds the particles together, creating a harder, more durable ironstone, merely which was still workable when lifted from the ground. An Enclosure map of 1805 records two rock pits in the boondocks.[xix]

Quarries [edit]

In the early part of Uk's industrial revolution the Northamptonshire ironstone was ignored as a source of iron ore because dissimilar areas such equally Southward Wales and the due north of England, information technology had no coal to power the furnaces. In the mid 19th century the railways arrived, which meant that either the ore could be taken to distant furnaces, or coal brought to furnaces near the iron deposits.[20] Both happened at Finedon from the 1860s.

Glendon Fe Ore Company [edit]

Quarries in the Finedon and Burton Latimer area, began with the workings of the Glendon Iron Ore Company, who in 1866 built the Finedon Furnaces, almost Finedon station, along the eastern side the Midland Railway that had opened in 1857. Furnace Lane still runs through the industrial estate where the furnace one time stood. The open-top furnace produced pig fe from 1866 to 1891,[21] and numerous quarry pits to the north, east and south of the boondocks were engaged in the laborious job of immigration dorsum overlying rocks (sometimes up to 25 feet thick) using wheelbarrows and planks. The underlying ironstone was then loaded into wagons which used a series of tramways to get the ore to the furnace, or later processed at a Calciting plant and then transported by rail to furnaces in the coal fields of Derbyshire or across.[22]

Stanton Ironworks [edit]

Areas south and due east of the town were quarried by the Stanton Ironworks Company, who began using Northamptonshire ironstone in 1865. Past 1869 they were leasing quarries on the Finedon Hall estate and built a narrow-gauge tramway to connect to the Midland Railway,[23] and from there the ore was transported by rail to their furnaces at Stanton past Dale, Derbyshire.[24]

Neilson's Quarries [edit]

Walter Neilson was quarrying in areas shut to the town, either side of Ryegate Loma from before 1879.[25] In 1881 he laid Neilson's Tramway a two ft four in (711 mm) guess tramway down to sidings on the Midland Railway. These siding were called "Neilson's Sidings" until at least the 1990s.[26] Neilson'south original pits were exhausted past 1892 and he leased new state on the east side of Finedon Road, immediately south of the town. This new pit was known equally Thingdon Quarry. In 1911 Neilson'due south operation was taken over by Wellingborough Iron Company (see beneath).[27]

Wellingborough Iron Company [edit]

To the south and east of the boondocks, several companies operated quarries. Amongst these were the Rixon Fe and Brick company, which began quarrying most Finedon in 1874. Rixon laid the 1,000 mm (3 ft3+ three⁄8  in) gauge Wellingborough Tramway to connect their ironstone pits to sidings of the Midland Railway. Rixon congenital their own ironworks aslope the Midland Railway in 1884. In 1887, Rixon's visitor alleged bankruptcy and was taken over by the newly formed Wellingborough Fe Company. They relaid the tramway and opened up several more ironstone pits s of Finedon. In 1911, Stanton took over Neilson's Thingdon Quarry immediately south of the boondocks and started a serial underground mines in that location in 1913. In 1932, the whole operation was merged with the Stanton Ironworks company.[27]

Stanton Ironworks Visitor was acquired past Stewarts & Lloyds in 1939,[27] which was one of the companies that were merged and nationalised to get British Steel in 1967.[28]

Ironstone product [edit]

Quarried ironstone from the surface area had initially produced hog fe for use in bandage-atomic number 26 product. Afterwards 1879, with the development of the Gilchrist-Thomas converter the production of steel was made possible using fe ore with a high Phosphate content, such every bit the Northamptonshire Ironstone.[20] Around Finedon the quarries south of the town about Ryebury Hill and Sidegate Lane had been worked extensively between the 1870s and 1900s, using a labour-intensive method in which a long trench (or gullet) through the overburden was established, along which a tramway could send the ore. The overburden (often of considerable depth) was loaded into wheelbarrows and taken via planks suspended over the trench, to be dumped on the far side, and then that the next section of ore could exist dug out.[22] In this way the trench would gradually migrate across a field, and the reinstated country would be several feet lower than the surrounding fields. In the 20th century the introduction of always larger dragline excavators immune faster working with far fewer people employed.[20] The smaller steel plants had all been merged in 1967 and well-nigh were close down in favour of the Corby Works. This too ceased steel production in 1980, and all Finedon quarrying had ceased by that point.[twenty]

Geological SSSI [edit]

Finedon Top Lodge SSSI Quarry Face up

Towards the southern end of the parish, one of the quarries that had been worked since at least the 1920s is Finedon Top Society Quarry. By the mid-1960 it was beingness worked past Stewarts & Lloyds Ltd (to whom it was known as Wellingborough No. 5 pit), who transported the ironstone to the steel works at Corby.[29] In 1986 information technology was alleged a Site of Special Scientific Interest on account of its geological significance.[thirty] Although the quarry is no longer in employ, the surviving rock-confront has been given legal protection for its value in showing a representative section through the Middle Jurassic sedimentary beds. At its base, although no longer visible, is the ironstone which is role of the 'Northampton Sand Formation' of rocks. Everything above the ironstone would have been only 'overburden' to the quarrymen, which needed to be excavated and moved to the other side of the gullet, to allow the ironstone to be accessed. Yet they are now a piece of the prove in building up an agreement of how the geology of Northamptonshire during the Jurassic period came into being. Almost all the layers of rock in the overburden were laid down during the Bathonian Stage of the Middle Jurassic. The layers accumulated over some ii million years, commencement 168 one thousand thousand years ago, several meg years after the ironstone had stopped beingness deposited. The cliff confront reveals a four metres (thirteen ft) layer of limestone and other textile known every bit the 'Wellingborough Fellow member' for which this quarry face up is the blazon section.[31] Above that is a further six metres (20 ft) of harder limestone beds known as the 'Blisworth Limestone Formation'.[31]

Notable people [edit]

  • Arthur Henfrey, football game thespian for England between 1891 and 1896
  • Sir William Dolben, 3rd Baronet, MP and campaigner for the abolition of slavery
  • Digby Mackworth Dolben, poet brought upward at Finedon Hall
  • Richard Coles, Vicar of Finedon parish since 2011[32] and former pop musician with The Communards

Town Twinning [edit]

Along with Wellingborough, Finedon is twinned with:[33]

Run into besides [edit]

  • Dutch Doll of Finedon
  • Finedon railway station

References [edit]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ "Finedon Town Council". finedontowncouncil.gov.uk.
  2. ^ Office for National Statistics: Finedon CP: Parish headcounts. Retrieved 15 July 2015
  3. ^ Borough Council of Wellingborough: Parish information on Finedon and Keen Doddington Retrieved xv July 2015.
  4. ^ English language Place Proper name Lodge Retrieved 22 March 2012
  5. ^ John Bailey, Finedon Otherwise Thingdon, 1975, ISBN 0-9504250-0-1
  6. ^ Finedon Bellringers
  7. ^ National Pipe Organ Register, N03520
  8. ^ National Pipe Organ Annals, N03521
  9. ^ "Finedon Hall, Finedon". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 13 April 2013.
  10. ^ British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 15 July 2015.
  11. ^ "Welcome to Finedon Parish Council". Finedone Parish Council . Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  12. ^ "Jubilant Humphry Repton". sites.google.com/view/northamptonshiregardenstrust2.
  13. ^ "Draft FINEDON CONSERVATION AREA CHARACTER Appraisement (buried)". wellingborough.gov.britain.
  14. ^ Northamptonshire County Council, Pocket Parks Retrieved five July 2017
  15. ^ Wildlife Trust for Bedfordshire, Cambridgeshire and Northamptonshire Retrieved 15 July 2015
  16. ^ "Average weather for Finedon".
  17. ^ Finedon Schools Website Retrieved 16 July 2015.
  18. ^ Ofsted Inspection Reports: St Michael's Playgroup Retrieved sixteen July 2015.
  19. ^ a b c Sutherland, D.Due south. (2003). Northamptonshire Rock. Dovecote Press. pp. 43–45. ISBN190434917X.
  20. ^ a b c d The Living Ironstone Museum, Cottesmore. "A Brief History of Iron Ore Mining in the Eastward Midlands". Rocks by Rail . Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  21. ^ Signalling Tape Order. "RailRef Line Codes - Industrial & Individual: Northamptonshire". Retrieved x July 2017.
  22. ^ a b Greg Evans (2005). "The History of Ironstone Mining around Burton Latimer". Burton Latimer Heritage Society . Retrieved ten July 2017.
  23. ^ Turnock, David (1998). An Historical Geography of Railways in Great Britain and Ireland. Ashgate. p. 289. ISBN1351958933.
  24. ^ "Stanton Atomic number 26 Works Co". Grace'south Guide to British Industrial History . Retrieved 9 July 2017.
  25. ^ Dawson, Michael (2012). "Figure ten: The proposed site in 1890-1905". Heritage Cess: State at Sidegate Lane, Wellingborough, Northamtonshire (PDF) (Report). CgMs Consulting. p. xviii.
  26. ^ Tonks, Eric (May 1990). The Ironstone Quarries of the Midlands Part iv: The Wellingborough Surface area. Cheltenham: Runpast Publishing. ISBN1-870-754-042.
  27. ^ a b c Quine, Dan (2016). Four Eastward Midlands Ironstone Tramways Part Three: Wellingborough. Vol. 108. Garndolbenmaen: Narrow Gauge and Industrial Railway Modelling Review.
  28. ^ "Finedon (Wellingborough) Iron Quarry (United Kingdom)". aditnow.co.uk . Retrieved ten July 2017.
  29. ^ Torrens, H.Due south. (1968). "The Great Oolite Series". In P.C.Sylvester-Bradley & Trevor D. Ford (ed.). The Geology of the E Midlands. Leicester University Press. p. 259. ISBN0718510720.
  30. ^ "Finedon Tiptop Lodge Quarry citation" (PDF). Sites of Special Scientific Interest. Natural England. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 March 2017. Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  31. ^ a b Wyatt, R.J. (2002). "Finedon Gullet, Wellingborough, Northamptonshire". In B.M Cox and M.G. Sumbler (ed.). British Heart Jurassic Stratigraphy. Geological Conservation Review Series No. 26. Peterborough: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. pp. 258–260. ISBN1861074794.
  32. ^ Daily Telegraph written report
  33. ^ Civic Council of Wellingborough: Boondocks Twinning Retrieved 20 July 2015.

Sources [edit]

  • John Bailey (1987). Finedon Revealed. Finedon: J.Fifty.H. Bailey. ISBN0-9504250-1-X. OCLC 16078775.
  • John Bailey (2004). Look at Finedon. Finedon: J.L.H. Bailey. ISBN0-9504250-ii-8. OCLC 62584735.
  • Finedon Historical Society, Finedon Yards
  • Audrey Ellis, Memories of Finedon http://www.audrey-ellis.co.uk
  • Rosemary Pearson, The Top School

External links [edit]

Media related to Finedon at Wikimedia Commons

  • Church building of St Mary the Virgin, Finedon Online Parish Magazine
  • Finedon Web Site Finedon
  • http://world wide web.finedonlocalhistorysociety.co.uk/ Finedon local history Gild Finedon History
  • Finedon Bellringers Information about the Bellringers
  • A Pictorial view of Finedon A pick of Photographs of Finedon

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